1,3‑DMAA
Potent synthetic sympathomimetic stimulant, banned, with serious cardiovascular risk.
Pharmacology
Contents
WHAT IS 1,3-DMAA?
Detailed overview
1,3-DMAA (methylhexanamine, 1,3-dimethylamylamine) is a synthetic alkylamine stimulant once sold in pre-workout and fat-burner supplements. It acts as an indirectly acting sympathomimetic: it promotes the release of norepinephrine and dopamine, hinders their reuptake, and stimulates alpha- and beta-adrenergic pathways, producing transient energy, alertness and appetite suppression. This is accompanied by marked increases in blood pressure and heart rate, and the compound has been linked to several serious, sometimes fatal cardiovascular events. It has been banned from dietary supplements in most countries and is prohibited in sport. This entry is strictly informational and does not encourage use.
Mechanism
Indirect sympathomimetic (NE/dopamine release)
Half-life
About 8 hours after a single oral dose
Legal status
Banned in supplements; WADA-prohibited
Receptor profile
- Norepinephrine / dopamine releaseStrong
- Dopamine transporter (DAT)Moderate
- Alpha- and beta-adrenergic pathways (blood pressure / heart rate)Strong
Safety
Side effects, stop signs, contraindications
Side effects · 6
- Marked rise in blood pressure, potentially to dangerous hypertensive peaks
- Racing or irregular heartbeat, sensation of chest tightness
- Overstimulation, anxiety, tremor and restlessness
- Sleep disruption if taken in the late afternoon or evening
- Linked to serious cardiovascular events: heart attack, cerebral hemorrhage, cardiac arrest, occasionally fatal
- Additive, unpredictable risk when consumed with other stimulants in supplements
Contraindications · 5
- Any cardiovascular disease, hypertension or arrhythmia: strictly avoid
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding: avoid
- May cause a life-threatening hypertensive crisis when combined with MAO inhibitors
- Do not combine with other stimulants (caffeine, ephedrine, synephrine)
- Prohibited for competitive athletes: on the WADA list and will cause a doping violation
Related Nootropics
Same therapeutic category
Studies
Related research and clinical findings
The Alkylamine Stimulant 1,3-Dimethylamylamine Exhibits Substrate-Like Regulation of Dopamine Transporter Function and Localization
Small C, Cheng MH, Belay SS, et al.
Cardiac arrest in a 21-year-old man after ingestion of 1,3-DMAA-containing workout supplement
Karnatovskaia LV, Leoni JC, Freeman ML
Acute myocardial infarction associated with dietary supplements containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine and Citrus aurantium
Smith TB, Staub BA, Natarajan GM, et al.
Nine prohibited stimulants found in sports and weight loss supplements: deterenol, phenpromethamine (Vonedrine), oxilofrine, octodrine, beta-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA), 1,3-dimethylamylamine (1,3-DMAA), 1,4-dimethylamylamine (1,4-DMAA), 1,3-dimethylbutylamine (1,3-DMBA) and higenamine
Cohen PA, Travis JC, Vanhee C, et al.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 and 3A4 enzyme inhibition by amine stimulants in dietary supplements
Liu Y, Santillo MF
FAQ
FAQ
Potent synthetic sympathomimetic stimulant, banned, with serious cardiovascular risk.
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Structure & chemistry
The information here is strictly for educational and scientific purposes. It does not replace medical advice or clinical consultation, and it does not encourage illegal substance or pharmaceutical use. Data is sourced. When in doubt, consult your doctor.