Adrafinil
Modafinil prodrug (hepatic conversion). OTC in some EU regions, with slower onset.
Pharmacology
Contents
Related comparisons
Adrafinil vs FladrafinilWHAT IS ADRAFINIL?
Detailed overview
Adrafinil is a diphenylmethylsulfinylacetamide derivative and the hepatic prodrug of Modafinil, metabolized in the liver to Modafinil (CYP1A2 + CYP3A4 enzymes). A eugeroic (alpha-1 adrenergic agonist), wakefulness-promoting. Originally approved in France for narcolepsy (Olmifon), then withdrawn in 2011 for commercial reasons. Currently a research chemical / OTC in EU regions, available as a supplement in the USA.
Mechanism
Modafinil prodrug, alpha-1 adrenergic
Half-life
1 h (Adrafinil) / 12-15 h (Modafinil)
Onset
60-90 min
Legal status
EU OTC research, USA OTC
Receptor profile
- Modafinil (active metabolite)Strong
- Dopamine transporterModerate
- Orexin / histamine (wake systems)Moderate
- LiverWeak
Safety
Side effects, stop signs, contraindications
Side effects · 7
- Headache, common and often dose-dependent
- Insomnia and disrupted sleep, especially with late dosing
- Dry mouth, stomach discomfort, nausea
- Anxiety, nervousness, irritability
- Mild blood pressure rise and palpitations
- Elevated liver enzymes (ALT/AST) with prolonged use
- Reduced appetite
Contraindications · 6
- Liver or kidney disease, higher risk due to hepatic conversion to modafinil, monitor LFTs
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Serious cardiovascular disease, arrhythmia, unstable angina, uncontrolled hypertension
- Modafinil hypersensitivity or history of severe skin reaction (Stevens-Johnson, DRESS)
- Reduces hormonal contraceptive efficacy (CYP3A4 induction), use backup method
- Avoid concurrent alcohol and other hepatotoxic drugs
Related Nootropics
Same therapeutic category
Studies
Related research and clinical findings
FAQ
FAQ
Adrafinil is a substance the liver converts into the well-known wakefulness-promoting drug Modafinil, so its effects are essentially similar to Modafinil's: it helps maintain alertness and concentration, and it was originally developed for narcolepsy-like conditions involving excessive fatigue. Its advantage is that it's available over the counter in some European regions where Modafinil requires a prescription, but the downside is a slower onset since the body first has to convert it.
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Structure & chemistry
The information here is strictly for educational and scientific purposes. It does not replace medical advice or clinical consultation, and it does not encourage illegal substance or pharmaceutical use. Data is sourced. When in doubt, consult your doctor.