EmergingResearch compound

AF710B (Trapaxin)

Dual M1 muscarinic / σ1 agonist, Alzheimer`s candidate small molecule.

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WHAT IS AF710B (TRAPAXIN)?

Detailed overview

AF710B (also Trapaxin / ANAVEX 3-71) is a dual-mechanism small molecule developed by Anavex Life Sciences that selectively activates the **M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor** (at an allosteric, not orthosteric, site) and the **sigma-1 chaperone receptor**. In 3xTg-AD mouse Alzheimer`s models (PMID 27855286, PMID 32669416) it **reduces tau hyperphosphorylation, improves cognitive performance, and restores synaptic markers** (synaptophysin, PSD-95). Muscarinic M1 stimulation activates α-secretase, inducing non-amyloidogenic APP processing. Sigma-1 agonism reduces ER-stress and upregulates BDNF expression. Human Phase 2 trials in Alzheimer`s disease initiated in 2026. **Within the Anavex pipeline, ANAVEX 2-73 (blarcamesine) was the first to reach Phase 3**; AF710B is its dual-mechanism successor.

Mechanism

M1 muscarinic allosteric + σ1 agonist

Half-life

6-8 h (animal PK)

Legal status

Investigational, not approved

Safety

Side effects, stop signs, contraindications

Side effects · 5

  • Limited human safety data, mostly preclinical (3xTg-AD mouse) and anecdotal reports
  • Possible cholinergic (M1) effects: nausea, GI upset, increased salivation or sweating
  • Vivid dreams, sleep disturbance or headache plausible from cholinergic/sigma-1 modulation
  • Dizziness, headache or impaired coordination possible as central nervous system effects
  • Unknown long-term safety, no validated human dose or route of administration

Contraindications · 5

  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding: no human data, avoid
  • Only within an approved clinical trial, not commercially available; self-medication not advised
  • Risk of additive cholinergic load when combined with cholinergic agents (cholinesterase inhibitors, muscarinic agonists)
  • Anticholinergic drugs may theoretically blunt the effect, co-use warrants caution
  • Extra caution with pre-existing conditions due to unknown interaction and organ (liver/kidney/heart) safety profile

Related Nootropics

Same therapeutic category

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MolekulaX Editorial Team·Source-verified · PubMed · FDA · EMA
Updated: June 19, 2026

The information here is strictly for educational and scientific purposes. It does not replace medical advice or clinical consultation, and it does not encourage illegal substance or pharmaceutical use. Data is sourced. When in doubt, consult your doctor.