AF710B (Trapaxin)
Dual M1 muscarinic / σ1 agonist, Alzheimer`s candidate small molecule.
Pharmacology
Contents
WHAT IS AF710B (TRAPAXIN)?
Detailed overview
AF710B (also Trapaxin / ANAVEX 3-71) is a dual-mechanism small molecule developed by Anavex Life Sciences that selectively activates the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (at an allosteric, not orthosteric, site) and the sigma-1 chaperone receptor. In 3xTg-AD mouse Alzheimer`s models (PMID 27855286, PMID 32669416) it reduces tau hyperphosphorylation, improves cognitive performance, and restores synaptic markers (synaptophysin, PSD-95). Muscarinic M1 stimulation activates α-secretase, inducing non-amyloidogenic APP processing. Sigma-1 agonism reduces ER-stress and upregulates BDNF expression. Human Phase 2 trials in Alzheimer`s disease initiated in 2026. Within the Anavex pipeline, ANAVEX 2-73 (blarcamesine) was the first to reach Phase 3; AF710B is its dual-mechanism successor.
Mechanism
M1 muscarinic allosteric + σ1 agonist
Half-life
6-8 h (animal PK)
Legal status
Investigational, not approved
Receptor profile
- M1 muscarinic receptorStrong
- Sigma-1 receptorModerate
- Alpha-secretase (APP processing)Moderate
Safety
Side effects, stop signs, contraindications
Side effects · 5
- Limited human safety data, mostly preclinical (3xTg-AD mouse) and anecdotal reports
- Possible cholinergic (M1) effects: nausea, GI upset, increased salivation or sweating
- Vivid dreams, sleep disturbance or headache plausible from cholinergic/sigma-1 modulation
- Dizziness, headache or impaired coordination possible as central nervous system effects
- Unknown long-term safety, no validated human dose or route of administration
Contraindications · 5
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding: no human data, avoid
- Only within an approved clinical trial, not commercially available; self-medication not advised
- Risk of additive cholinergic load when combined with cholinergic agents (cholinesterase inhibitors, muscarinic agonists)
- Anticholinergic drugs may theoretically blunt the effect, co-use warrants caution
- Extra caution with pre-existing conditions due to unknown interaction and organ (liver/kidney/heart) safety profile
Related Nootropics
Same therapeutic category
FAQ
FAQ
AF710B (Trapaxin) is an experimental drug candidate still in development, being researched mainly as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. It acts on two brain targets at once, with the aim of supporting memory and cognitive function in people affected by the disease, but it's an early-stage development compound, not an established, widely-used nootropic.
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Structure & chemistry
The information here is strictly for educational and scientific purposes. It does not replace medical advice or clinical consultation, and it does not encourage illegal substance or pharmaceutical use. Data is sourced. When in doubt, consult your doctor.