AF710B (Trapaxin)
Dual M1 muscarinic / σ1 agonist, Alzheimer`s candidate small molecule.
Pharmacology
Contents
DETAILED OVERVIEW
What is AF710B (Trapaxin)?
AF710B (also Trapaxin / ANAVEX 3-71) is a dual-mechanism small molecule developed by Anavex Life Sciences that selectively activates the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (at an allosteric, not orthosteric, site) and the sigma-1 chaperone receptor. In 3xTg-AD mouse Alzheimer`s models (PMID 27855286, PMID 32669416) it reduces tau hyperphosphorylation, improves cognitive performance, and restores synaptic markers (synaptophysin, PSD-95). Muscarinic M1 stimulation activates α-secretase, inducing non-amyloidogenic APP processing. Sigma-1 agonism reduces ER-stress and upregulates BDNF expression. Human Phase 2 trials in Alzheimer`s disease initiated in 2026. Within the Anavex pipeline, ANAVEX 2-73 (blarcamesine) was the first to reach Phase 3; AF710B is its dual-mechanism successor.
Mechanism
M1 muscarinic allosteric + σ1 agonist
Half-life
6-8 h (animal PK)
Legal status
Investigational, not approved
Anecdotal reports describe AF710B at 50 mg administered nasally as one of the more potent nootropic experiences, with concentration, memory recall, and other purported benefits manifesting around day 3. Mechanistically, it appears to change how efficiently the brain encodes memory as a whole. In animal models, it not only restored impaired memory but pushed performance above normal levels, suggesting a superphysiological effect. Sigma-1 activation is required for the full effect, and the M1/Sigma-1 synergy underlies its profile. Sustained benefits weeks after discontinuation suggest possible long-term structural synaptic changes. At low doses M1 PAM actions dominate, while higher doses allosterically agonize M1 mAChR. It has also been shown to reduce amyloid plaque buildup in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, with a favorable side-effect profile in trials and no serious adverse events reported.
⚠ Not clinical evidence – based on user accounts.
Receptor profile
- M1 muscarinic receptorStrong
- Sigma-1 receptorModerate
- Alpha-secretase (APP processing)Moderate
Safety
Side effects, stop signs, contraindications
Side effects · 5
- Limited human safety data, mostly preclinical (3xTg-AD mouse) and anecdotal reports
- Possible cholinergic (M1) effects: nausea, GI upset, increased salivation or sweating
- Vivid dreams, sleep disturbance or headache plausible from cholinergic/sigma-1 modulation
- Dizziness, headache or impaired coordination possible as central nervous system effects
- Unknown long-term safety, no validated human dose or route of administration
Contraindications · 5
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding: no human data, avoid
- Only within an approved clinical trial, not commercially available; self-medication not advised
- Risk of additive cholinergic load when combined with cholinergic agents (cholinesterase inhibitors, muscarinic agonists)
- Anticholinergic drugs may theoretically blunt the effect, co-use warrants caution
- Extra caution with pre-existing conditions due to unknown interaction and organ (liver/kidney/heart) safety profile
Related Nootropics
Same therapeutic category
FAQ
FAQ
AF710B (Trapaxin) is an experimental drug candidate still in development, being researched mainly as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. It acts on two brain targets at once, with the aim of supporting memory and cognitive function in people affected by the disease, but it's an early-stage development compound, not an established, widely-used nootropic.
Telegram
Have a question about AF710B (Trapaxin)?
Reach out to us on Telegram for a personalized stack. We'll be happy to help.
Personalized consultation
Want a detailed conversation tailored to your data?
Fill out the prep intake form (your goals, training and health data), and the advisor prepares from it to give genuinely personalized guidance.
Fill out the form~5–7 min · prep questionnaire · confidential · GDPR-compliant
Structure & chemistry
The information here is strictly for educational and scientific purposes. It does not replace medical advice or clinical consultation, and it does not encourage illegal substance or pharmaceutical use. Data is sourced. When in doubt, consult your doctor.