EmergingResearch compound

BPAP

Selective PEA-activity enhancer (CAE), Selegiline successor, investigational.

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WHAT IS BPAP?

Detailed overview

BPAP ((R)-1-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propylaminopentane) is a second-generation "catecholaminergic activity enhancer" (CAE) compound by József Knoll, designed to extend Selegiline`s neuroprotective profile. It is not a MAO-B inhibitor, it directly **amplifies only impulse-mediated monoamine release** (PEA, dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin), not activity-independent release – unlike amphetamines. Active at low nanomolar concentrations. **Potent TAAR1 agonist** (PMC11794408). Upregulates BDNF/NGF/GDNF expression in mouse astrocytes. Pro-social + antidepressant effects in animal models. At higher concentrations also acts as a monoamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI/NRI > SRI). **⚠️ Hepatotoxicity signal even at low doses** (PMID 12365195) – an important safety concern for chronic dosing. Only preclinical data; emotionally more supportive profile than PPAP.

Mechanism

CAE, presynaptic monoaminergic

Half-life

No human data

Legal status

Investigational, not approved

Safety

Side effects, stop signs, contraindications

Side effects · 6

  • Limited human safety data, effects are largely preclinical (animal) and anecdotal
  • Possible mild stimulation, restlessness or sleep disturbance due to enhanced catecholaminergic activity
  • Mood shifts, irritability or anxiety possible from monoaminergic modulation
  • Potential hepatotoxicity (liver strain) even at low doses, based on an animal study signal
  • Blood pressure or heart rate changes theoretically possible due to noradrenergic effect (no human data)
  • Unknown long-term safety profile, consequences of chronic use are not studied

Contraindications · 5

  • Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding, no safety data available
  • Avoid with existing liver disease or elevated liver enzymes due to the documented hepatotoxicity signal
  • Avoid combining with other monoaminergic agents (antidepressants, MAO inhibitors, stimulants) due to risk of serotonergic or catecholaminergic excess
  • Caution advised with cardiovascular disease or hypertension due to the noradrenergic effect
  • Unapproved, experimental-only compound, human dosing and safety standards are not established

Related Nootropics

Same therapeutic category

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MolekulaX Editorial Team·Source-verified · PubMed · FDA · EMA
Updated: June 19, 2026

The information here is strictly for educational and scientific purposes. It does not replace medical advice or clinical consultation, and it does not encourage illegal substance or pharmaceutical use. Data is sourced. When in doubt, consult your doctor.