Clinical ResearchResearch compound

CDP‑Choline

Cytidine diphosphate-choline, dual choline + uridine precursor.

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WHAT IS CDP-CHOLINE?

Detailed overview

CDP-Choline (Citicoline, INN) is a natural nucleotide-phospholipid intermediate that participates in phosphatidylcholine synthesis via the Kennedy pathway. In the gut it hydrolyzes to cytidine + choline (PMID 10974208); the cytidine is converted to uridine, supplying two nootropically relevant molecules in the brain – choline as an acetylcholine-synthesis precursor (PMID 21703569), uridine supporting UTP synthesis and **synaptogenesis**. **Oral bioavailability ~90%, water-soluble** (PMID 7477743). Boosts phosphatidylcholine production (PMID 11796739) → stronger neuronal membranes. Modulates dopamine signaling and potentially dopamine receptor density – long-term motivation benefit. Paired with racetams/stimulants it can prevent the choline-depletion "burnout" feeling. Prescription-only in Italy (Somazina) and elsewhere in the EU for cerebral ischemia; OTC in the USA.

Mechanism

Choline + uridine precursor

Half-life

~56 h (two phases)

Legal status

EU Rx / USA OTC

Safety

Side effects, stop signs, contraindications

Side effects · 6

  • Headache
  • Gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea, nausea
  • Insomnia or restlessness (especially with late-evening dosing)
  • At excessive doses, cholinergic symptoms: sweating, increased salivation
  • Blood pressure fluctuations, rarely mild dizziness
  • Irritability or anxiety in sensitive individuals

Contraindications · 6

  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding (insufficient safety data)
  • Known hypersensitivity to choline or citicoline
  • Concurrent cholinergic drugs (cholinesterase inhibitors, e.g. donepezil) require medical supervision due to additive effects
  • Co-administration with L-DOPA may potentiate its effect, caution in Parkinson's treatment
  • Caution in chronic hypotension or heightened parasympathetic tone
  • Bipolar disorder, as dopaminergic modulation may affect mood symptoms

Related Nootropics

Same therapeutic category

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MolekulaX Editorial Team·Source-verified · PubMed · FDA · EMA
Updated: June 19, 2026

The information here is strictly for educational and scientific purposes. It does not replace medical advice or clinical consultation, and it does not encourage illegal substance or pharmaceutical use. Data is sourced. When in doubt, consult your doctor.