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Clinical ResearchResearch compoundModerate evidence

Magnesium L‑Threonate

MIT-developed Mg chelate (Magtein®), synaptic Mg²⁺ booster.

NootropicSupplementSupplementMemoryNMDAGlutamate

Pharmacology

ClassSupplement · Memory
Primary targetBrain magnesium levels (crosses the blood-brain barrier)
Targets3 receptor targets
EvidenceModerate evidence
Affected systemsNMDAGlutamate

Contents

WHAT IS MAGNESIUM L-THREONATE?

Detailed overview

Magnesium L-Threonate (Magtein®) is a proprietary magnesium chelate developed at MIT by Liu Guosong and Susumu Tonegawa, in which the threonic-acid conjugation lets magnesium ions penetrate the CNS more efficiently than other forms (oxide, citrate, glycinate). Slutsky 2010 (Neuron, PMC) – rat study showed elevated brain Mg²⁺ + synaptic density and LTP increases in prefrontal cortex + hippocampus. Liu 2016 human RCT (Magtein) – ~9-year reduction in cognitive age vs placebo in older adults on a small sample (n=44, 12 weeks). Typical dose: 2 g / day (~144 mg elemental magnesium). Adjuvant to stimulants and racetams: NMDA-tone stabilization reduces overstimulation-anxiety and insomnia – frequently included in Alpha-GPC + Phenylpiracetam stacks. Magtein®: FDA GRAS. Generic Mg-L-threonate may not match the patented bioavailability.

Mechanism

CNS-elevated Mg²⁺ + NMDA modulation

Onset

4-12 weeks chronic use

Legal status

OTC dietary supplement

Receptor profile

  • Brain magnesium levelsStrong
  • NMDA receptor / synaptic densityStrong
  • Sleep qualityModerate

Safety

Side effects, stop signs, contraindications

Side effects · 6

  • GI complaints, loose stools or mild diarrhea at higher doses
  • Headache, especially in the first days of use
  • Drowsiness, sedation or grogginess when taken during the day
  • Dizziness or mild drop in blood pressure
  • Vivid dreams or sleep disturbance with too high an evening dose
  • Nausea or stomach cramps when taken on an empty stomach

Contraindications · 5

  • Renal insufficiency or impaired kidney function, due to risk of hypermagnesemia
  • Severe arrhythmia, bradycardia or AV block, due to cardiac conduction effects
  • Concurrent antibiotics (tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones): magnesium reduces their absorption, separate dosing by 2-3 hours
  • Caution in pregnancy and breastfeeding, insufficient human data for this specific form
  • Combination with muscle relaxants or sedatives may increase sedation and muscle weakness

Related Nootropics

Same therapeutic category

FAQ

FAQ

Magnesium L-Threonate is a special, MIT-developed form of magnesium designed to reach the brain more efficiently than common forms like magnesium oxide or citrate. Its purpose is to raise magnesium levels at the connection points between nerve cells (synapses), where magnesium plays an important role in brain function. It's aimed mainly at people who specifically want a brain-targeted magnesium, rather than general magnesium supplementation.

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Structure & chemistry

TypeNootropic
FormulaC8H14MgO10
UpdatedJune 19, 2026
MolekulaX Editorial Team·Source-verified · PubMed · FDA · EMA
Updated: June 19, 2026

The information here is strictly for educational and scientific purposes. It does not replace medical advice or clinical consultation, and it does not encourage illegal substance or pharmaceutical use. Data is sourced. When in doubt, consult your doctor.