Is there any human data on RGPU-95?

No. Every published finding comes from rodent studies; human safety and efficacy data are essentially nonexistent, so it should be treated as an experimental compound.

How is it different from phenylpiracetam?

RGPU-95 is the para-chloro (4-chlorophenyl) analog of phenylpiracetam. Adding chlorine to the phenyl ring shifted its animal profile toward anxiolytic and antidepressant behavior; the core mechanism remains largely uncharacterized.

Is it banned in sport?

RGPU-95 is not explicitly named on the WADA Prohibited List, but as a phenylpiracetam analog it could fall under the S6 stimulant catch-all for substances of similar structure or effect. Athletes should treat it as high-risk.

EmergingResearch compoundLimited evidence

RGPU‑95

Name: RGPU-95
Creator: MolekulaX

Russian para-chloro analog of phenylpiracetam; a dopaminergic racetam with anxiolytic-antidepressant effects shown only in animal studies.

NootropicRacetamRacetamDopamineFocusDopamineGlutamateAcetylcholineNorepinephrineAnti-fatigue

Pharmacology

ClassRacetam · Dopamine · Focus

Primary targetDopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitor

Targets4 receptor targets

Half-lifeN/A

OnsetN/A

EvidenceLimited evidence

Affected systemsDopamineGlutamateAcetylcholineNorepinephrineAnti-fatigue

Contents

WHAT IS RGPU-95?

Detailed overview

RGPU-95 (p-chloro-phenylpiracetam, 4-chlorophenylpiracetam) is a Russian-developed structural analog of phenylpiracetam (Phenotropil), created by adding a para-chlorine to the phenyl ring of the piracetam scaffold. Its primary identified action is moderate dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibition, with additional glutamatergic (NMDA/AMPA) and weak nicotinic-cholinergic involvement; overall its mechanism should be regarded as largely unknown. The only original study specific to RGPU-95 examined sex differences in anxiety-depressive behavior in rodents (Tiurenkov 2010). There is no human safety or efficacy data, and the compound has been studied only in animals.

Mechanism

DAT inhibitor (phenylpiracetam analog)

Half-life

N/A (no human data)

Onset

N/A (no human data)

Legal status

Research chemical, unapproved

Receptor profile

Dopamine transporter (DAT)Moderate
NMDA / AMPA glutamate receptorsModerate
Limbic anxiety-depression circuitsModerate
Nicotinic cholinergic toneWeak

Safety

Side effects, stop signs, contraindications

Side effects · 6

No human safety data; the side-effect profile is inferred from the phenylpiracetam class and unverified in people
Possible overstimulation, restlessness or anxiety from dopaminergic/noradrenergic activity (by analogy to phenylpiracetam)
Possible insomnia or sleep disruption if dosed later in the day (stimulant-class analogy)
Possible headache from the cholinergic demand typical of racetams (a choline source may help)
Possible raised heart rate or blood pressure from dopaminergic stimulation (theoretical)
Unknown long-term and toxicity profile in humans; the purity of grey-market material is a separate risk

Contraindications · 6

Pregnancy and breastfeeding: no safety data, should be avoided
Cardiovascular disease, arrhythmia, hypertension: caution by analogy to dopaminergic stimulants
MAO inhibitors: avoid, risk of hypertensive crisis with dopaminergic agents
Other stimulants (caffeine, amphetamines): additive cardiovascular load
Anxiety disorders and insomnia: dopaminergic stimulation may worsen symptoms
Competitive athletes: as a phenylpiracetam analog it may fall under the WADA S6 catch-all (similar structure/effect)

Related Nootropics

Same therapeutic category

Studies

Related research and clinical findings

Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2010 Nov;73(11):10-4.

[Gender differences in action of Fenotropil and its structural analog compound RGPU-95 on anxiety-depressive behavior of animals].

Tiurenkov IN, Bagmetova VV, Shishkina AV, Berestovitskaia VM, Vasil'eva OS, Ostrogliadov ES

PMID: 21254591Open

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2024;124(8):21-31.

[Pharmacological effects of fonturacetam (Actitropil) and prospects for its clinical use].

Gromova OA, Torshin IY

PMID: 39269293Open

Drug Test Anal. 2023 Aug;15(8):803-839.

Unauthorized ingredients in "nootropic" dietary supplements: A review of the history, pharmacology, prevalence, international regulations, and potential as doping agents.

Jędrejko K, Catlin O, Stewart T, Anderson A, Muszyńska B, Catlin DH

PMID: 37357012Open

FAQ

Russian para-chloro analog of phenylpiracetam; a dopaminergic racetam with anxiolytic-antidepressant effects shown only in animal studies.

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Structure & chemistry

TypeNootropic

FormulaC12H13ClN2O2

UpdatedJuly 9, 2026

MolekulaX Editorial Team·Source-verified · PubMed · FDA · EMA

Updated: July 9, 2026

The information here is strictly for educational and scientific purposes. It does not replace medical advice or clinical consultation, and it does not encourage illegal substance or pharmaceutical use. Data is sourced. When in doubt, consult your doctor.