Peptides, nootropics, performance enhancers and pharmaceuticals, grounded in science
MolekulaXGrounded in science
Four independent libraries explore the biological effects of peptides, nootropics, performance enhancers and pharmaceuticals on a scientific basis. Send your questions to our advisor, who is available on Telegram.
Knowledge base
Why MolekulaX?
Scientific pharmacology
A scientific overview of compound mechanisms of action, from receptor binding to cellular signalling pathways, across peptides, nootropics, performance enhancers and pharmaceuticals.
Clinical research
We build on peer-reviewed studies and PubMed references. Sourced data only.
Advisor available
If you have a question on the topic, ask our advisor on Telegram.
Where to buy
Trusted partners, with a discount.
Pharmaceuticals Library
Active-ingredient-level drug education from official sources · PubMed, FDA, EMA, SmPC · NOT a substitute for medical consultation
Top 10 Most Discussed Pharmaceuticals
Metformin
Approved
Research uses
Escitalopram
Approved
Research uses
Atorvastatin
Approved
Research uses
Tadalafil
Late-Stage
Research uses
Rosuvastatin
Late-Stage
Research uses
Bupropion
Late-Stage
Research uses
Modafinil
Late-Stage
Research uses
Levothyroxin (L-T4)
Approved
Research uses
Finasteride
Approved
Research uses
Amoxicillin
Approved
Research uses
Therapeutic Areas
Where and how these medications act · indication + mechanism + evidence
Insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, body weight
Metabolic & Diabetes
The backbone of type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome treatment: biguanides (Metformin), GLP-1 receptor agonists (Semaglutide, Liraglutide), SGLT2 inhibitors (Empagliflozin), and dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists (Tirzepatide). Modern obesity pharmacotherapy accelerated after 2021 with GLP-1 based agents; the NEJM 2025 SURMOUNT-5 trial showed ~25% body weight reduction with Tirzepatide.
LDL reduction, ASCVD prevention, blood pressure control
Cholesterol & Heart
The two main pillars of cardiovascular prevention are LDL-cholesterol and blood pressure control. Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin), ACE inhibitors (Ramipril), beta-blockers (Bisoprolol), calcium channel blockers, and direct oral anticoagulants (Apixaban) together form the modern ASCVD-prevention toolkit. The PDE5 inhibitor Tadalafil also belongs here: pulmonary hypertension + BPH + ED indications.
SSRI, NDRI, atypical antidepressants, stabilizers
Mood & Depression
Depression pharmacotherapy is built on the monoamine hypothesis (5-HT, NE, DA). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (Sertralin, Escitalopram, Fluoxetine), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (Venlafaxine), atypical antidepressants (Mirtazapine), and the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor Bupropion form the first-line options. Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic with dopamine partial agonism, also used as a mood stabilizer.
Eugeroic, stimulant, sleep aids, narcolepsy treatment
Wakefulness & Sleep
Wakefulness regulation pharmacology builds on orexin, histamine, and dopamine systems. Modafinil (Provigil) is a eugeroic: orexinergic + indirect DA-NE wake-promoter, indicated for narcolepsy + shift-work disorder, FDA + EMA Schedule IV. Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a DA-NE reuptake inhibitor, first-line ADHD treatment, US Schedule II + HU prescription-only.
T4 replacement, T3, antithyroid agents
Thyroid
Thyroid hormones (T4 / T3) act in every tissue: basal metabolism, thermogenesis, nervous system maturation, cardiac contractility. Hypothyroidism replacement: Levothyroxin (L-T4) starting at 1.6 µg/kg/day weight-based, targeting TSH 0.5-4.5 mU/L. Hyperthyroidism treatment: Methimazole (thiamazole) in Graves' disease, also prior to thyroidectomy / radioiodine. Liothyronine (L-T3) is rarely used as monotherapy: short half-life, fluctuating symptoms.
β-lactams, macrolides, quinolones, tetracyclines
Bacterial Infections
Antibiotic choice depends on Gram-status, anaerobic susceptibility, and resistance patterns. Amoxicillin (β-lactam, broad-spectrum, first-line Streptococcus + H. influenzae); Azithromycin (macrolide, atypical pneumonia + STIs); Ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone, Gram-negative + Pseudomonas, boxed warning for Achilles tendon rupture); Doxycycline (tetracycline, Lyme + acne + malaria prophylaxis); Metronidazole (5-nitroimidazole, anaerobes + C. difficile + Trichomonas).
5α-reductase inhibitors, PDE5 inhibitors, SERMs
Hormonal & Sexual Health
Key drugs in male hormonal regulation: Finasteride (5α-reductase inhibitor, blocks DHT conversion, indicated for BPH + androgenetic alopecia); Tadalafil (PDE5 inhibitor, long 17.5-hour half-life, ED + BPH + pulmonary hypertension); Tamoxifen (SERM, estrogen receptor antagonist in breast + agonist in bone, breast cancer + AAS post-cycle therapy off-label).
Retinoids, vasodilators, isotretinoin
Skin & Hair Loss
Dermatology pharmacotherapy is built on two main pathways: retinoid receptor (RAR/RXR) modulation (Isotretinoin, Tretinoin) and hair loss treatment (Minoxidil topical + Finasteride). Isotretinoin (Accutane) is first-line for severe cystic acne, with dramatic remissions but with teratogenicity (FDA iPLEDGE program mandatory) and psychiatric side effects. Tretinoin (Retin-A) is the gold standard topical retinoid for anti-aging + mild acne.
Contact
Have a question about a medication?
Our advisor is available on Telegram. Just write, and we’ll answer your questions.
Frequently asked questions
FAQ
45 questions, from dosing to legal status.
All answers are informational. They do not replace medical advice.
Important notice
This website was created strictly for educational and informational purposes. We do not sell products, do not provide medical advice, do not run a group, and do not encourage illegal substance or pharmaceutical use. The content is based on peer-reviewed scientific sources but does not replace medical advice. When in doubt, consult your doctor.